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17
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Famille et confrérie en Égypte
Based on the study of texts, as well as on a field survey conducted between 2010 and 2013 in Cairo, Alexandria and in villages in the northwestern Nile Delta, this article discusses the exemplary case of the ṭarīqa Burhāmiyya Šarnūbiyya. This hereditary Sufi order was founded in the village of Šarnūb near Disūq by the Egyptian Sheikh ʿAḥmad ʿArab al-Šarnūbī (d. 1586), a descendant of the Prophet a...
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Based on the study of texts, as well as on a field survey conducted between 2010 and 2013 in Cairo, Alexandria and in villages in the northwestern Nile Delta, this article discusses the exemplary case of the ṭarīqa Burhāmiyya Šarnūbiyya. This hereditary Sufi order was founded in the village of Šarnūb near Disūq by the Egyptian Sheikh ʿAḥmad ʿArab al-Šarnūbī (d. 1586), a descendant of the Prophet and ancestor of the Šarnūbī family. The link between the family and the order has endured thanks to the memory of the holy ancestors, which has been revived to the present day by new saints; thanks to the hagiographical texts produced by the Šarnūbī at different periods of time; and, finally, thanks to a strong local presence and a land hold that the Šarnūbī sheikhs have been able to build on at different stages of their history, from at least the 16th century to the present day. As spiritual leaders supported by the Ottoman power, local elites, literate Azharians, large landowners, the Šarnūbīs have exploited the varied dimensions of their family and order heritage, thanks to the support of the Khedivate in the 19th century, and they survived the 1952 land reform. Genealogy (nasab) and lineage (silsila), family memory, order memory, hagiographic memory are inseparable and also converge towards the Prophet. Undoubtedly coming from the Mamluk period, enriched in the Ottoman period and in the 19th century, the Šarnūbī family is typical of many “order-families” in Egypt, firmly rooted in their land holdings and in al-Azhar. After the Nasser revolution and the agrarian reform, the modernization and diversification of the social and political elites diminished the social and political role of these order-families, yet they continued to form effective networks of power. During the 2011 revolution, Sheikh Šarnūbī sought to give a political role to the Sufi orders to resist the Muslim Brotherhood.
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2021
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21
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Histoire du Moyen-Orient
Forgée au début du XXe siècle et initialement liée aux intérêts britanniques dans le golfe Persique et au voisinage de l’Inde, l’expression « Moyen-Orient » a des définitions fluctuantes. Ce livre traite d’un espace allant de l’Égypte à l’Iran et de la mer Noire à l’océan Indien, et inclut occasionnellement le Maghreb. Il souligne l’unité de la région, qui tient à l’héritage des Empires ottoman et...
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Forgée au début du XXe siècle et initialement liée aux intérêts britanniques dans le golfe Persique et au voisinage de l’Inde, l’expression « Moyen-Orient » a des définitions fluctuantes. Ce livre traite d’un espace allant de l’Égypte à l’Iran et de la mer Noire à l’océan Indien, et inclut occasionnellement le Maghreb. Il souligne l’unité de la région, qui tient à l’héritage des Empires ottoman et qâjâr et à l’ancienneté de la présence de l’islam. Son ambition est double : sortir des études sectorielles par aire linguistique ou État pour étudier le Moyen-Orient comme un ensemble ; dans un cadre chronologique dicté par la politique et les relations internationales, faire vivre les populations sur les plans culturel, religieux, social et économique.
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2016
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22
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Histoire d'un pélerinage légendaire en Islam
Every year, in the heart of the Nile Delta, a festival takes place that was for centuries the biggest in the Muslim world: the mulid of al-Sayyid Ahmad al-Badawi of Tanta. Since the thirteenth century millions of believers from neighboring regions and countries have flooded into Tanta, Egypt’s fourth-largest city, to pay devotional homage to al-Badawi, a much-loved saint who cures the impotent and...
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Every year, in the heart of the Nile Delta, a festival takes place that was for centuries the biggest in the Muslim world: the mulid of al-Sayyid Ahmad al-Badawi of Tanta. Since the thirteenth century millions of believers from neighboring regions and countries have flooded into Tanta, Egypt’s fourth-largest city, to pay devotional homage to al-Badawi, a much-loved saint who cures the impotent and renders barren women fertile.
This book tells for the first time the history of a mulid that for long overshadowed even the pilgrimage to Mecca. Organized by Sufi brotherhoods, it had, by the nineteenth century, grown to become the scene of a boisterous and rowdy festival that excited the curiosity of European travelers. Their accounts of the indecorous dancing and sacred prostitution that enlivened the mulid of al-Sayyid al-Badawi fed straight into Orientalist visions of a sensual and atavistic East. Islamic modernists as well as Western observers were quick to criticize the cult of al-Badawi, reducing it to a muddle of superstitions and even a resurgence of anti-Islamic pagan practices. For many pilgrims, however, al-Badawi came to embody the Egyptian saint par excellence, the true link to the Prophet, his hagiographies and mulid standing for the genuine expression of a shared popular culture.
Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen shows that the mulid does not in fact stand in opposition to religious orthodoxy, but rather acts as a mirror to Egyptian Islam, uniting ordinary believers, peasants, ulama, and heads of Sufi brotherhoods in a shared spiritual fervor. The Mulid of al-Sayyid al-Badawi of Tanta leads us on a discovery of this remarkably colorful and festive manifestation of Islam.
Work
2004
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